Math 151 , Day 41, Wednesday, May 9, 2007  .links added 11am5/9  Hit reload .

HW Day41:   Reading Ch. 18:  We're repeating the CI and test work, only with s instead of sigma, and t instead of z. First to p. 441, Now, the restREAD about Matched pairs (p 444-7)and Robustness (p.447-9)! Check p. 451 18.15, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 first, then 23, 24.  
Read the SPSS handout, compare the output shown there with the results in the book with the same examples.  Learn to read the output!
Read Ch. 19, pp. 460-61 only!  (Comparing 3 or more independent groups requires Analysis of Variance, Ch. 25)
Hand in  Friday .
Matched pairs, and robustness (by hand) 
p. 455, 18.37 measuring placebo effect  Use Table C.  You can check with the Excel t-procedures
p. 450, 18.14 Reading scores Use Table C. Also, what IS the standard deviation? You can check with the Excel t-procedures--plug in the sample size and what you think is the s.d. and see if you get the given SE .   Also , you may find that the mean is (statistically) significantly below the basic level.  Is the difference large enough to be important?  (I don't know...)
p. 455, 18.36b calcium/blood pressure conditions.

= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Reading SPSS for one-sample procedures:  For all these, Use the Handout , which has all the SPSS output for these problems.
p. 453, 18.27  Sharks  The P-value is better than the .05 level mentioned.  What is it (rounded to 3 decimal places)?   
p. 457, 18.41 Auto crankshafts

Matched pairs, and robustness
p. 454, 18.34 growing trees faster.   Find the differences by hand. 
p. 446, 18.11and 12 newts healing.  These are the rates of healing: the control is supposed to be faster than the experiment, so to get generally positive differences, you would take (ctrl - expt).  But SPSS does (expt-ctrl), no choice!  Make a stemplot by hand.  Read the rest of your needed info off the handout, where I used the "Paired Sample" method."
p. 448, 18.13 newts with outlier  A dotplot is given on the handout, so you don't need to do a stemplot..
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
+ + + + + + + + + + +
Chapter 19 problems, with echos of Chapters 8 and 9.   Note that we can use the same analysis method whether data is from a sample (Example 19.1b)  or an experiment (Example 19.1 a, c) or an observational study.
p. 461, 19.1, 2, 3, 4.  For each, after deciding which design it is, tell if  the data comes from a sample, an observational study, or an experiment
Read, 
to discuss

Optional
Using SPSS for one-sample procedures (with SPSS Handout) A.  Redo the example on the front page of the handout, getting the result of example 18.3
B. The inclass example of Milk bacteria: (Day 40)do it on SPSS:
Dataset as SPSS file, Dataset as text (.dat) file  (If you import from the text file, remember to check that the Measure is Scale)
C. Redo the results on the back page of the handout, getting the results of example 18.4.

Datasets in SPSS for HW problems, if you want to do them yourself:
Sharks18-27.sav
Crankshafts18-41.sav
Trees18-34.sav
Newts18-11.sav
NewtswithOutlier18-13.sav

Get  Review Exercise (Biometric). Height-Armspan (SPSS) file      Body Temperature (SPSS) file . This is optional, but if you hand it in by the time you start the inclass final, it will count 50%; "in class" the other 50% of the final Exam grade.  Get all the help you can find on the Review Exercise but make sure you understand and write the final result yourself.  Show your work!

In-class Final exam: Wed. May 16, 2-5 pm. Two sheets of notes:   If this time is a problem for you, please let me know soon.   You may start early (noon or later Wed.)  Other arrangements, please confirm with me!
  Full exam schedule is at   http://www.wells.edu/academic/dates.htm#exams  Exam 1 1/2 to 2 times as long as hourlies. Comprehensive but with special attention to the material covered since Exam 4. Reading but not creating SPSS.  Will certainly be broader in range than the Review Exercise; but most problems will be similar to the types on hour exams and HW.

Ch. 18:  Inference for population mean (realistic) continued
What is the significance to Statistics of the Guinness Stout Bottle ?
Homework questions?  Day 40
Get Handout for SPSS Ch. 18
  
Look at output, decipher it.  What SPSS calls "Sig. (2-tailed)" = "2-sided P-value"
Get Handout of SPSS results to use for HW
See Day 40 for notes :  Matched pairs, Robustness of t-procedures
    If you can't do t-procedures,
there are procedures involving medians, or other approaches (Ch. 26)


 Another situation which uses t-statistics is the one in Chapter 19
"Two-sample problems".  Two random samples,  independent of each other, from distinct  populations. (Populations are normally distributed)
Often--comparing means from an experiment with two treatments (usually  "control" and "treatment").
                 /--- Group 1, n1---- Treatment 1---\
               /                                    \
 Random asst.(?)                                       Compare results --"means"
               \                                    /
                \--- Group 2, n2---- Treatment 2---/
To examine  the difference of the  two means, µ1 - µ2, we look at the difference of the xbars. 
We need the Standard Error of the difference  xbar1 - xbar2 , and then we can proceed as before, more or less (with some adjustments.)
But we've run out of time....


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